论语 The Analects chapter 14英2

孙祎卓

Down to the present day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. Butfor Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and the lappetsof our coats buttoning on the left side.

　　"Will you require from him the small fidelity of common men and commonwomen, who would commit suicide in a stream or ditch, no one knowinganything about them?"The great officer, Hsien, who had been family minister to Kung-shu Wan,ascended to the prince's court in company with Wan.

　　The Master, having heard of it, said, "He deserved to be considered WAN(the accomplished)."The Master was speaking about the unprincipled course of the duke Ling ofWeil when Ch'i K'ang said, "Since he is of such a character, how is it hedoes not lose his state?"Confucius said, "The Chung-shu Yu has the superintendence of his guests andof strangers; the litanist, T'o, has the management of his ancestraltemple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of the army and forces:-withsuch officers as these, how should he lose his state?"The Master said, "He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult tomake his words good."Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch'i.

　　Confucius bathed, went to court and informed the Duke Ai, saying, "ChanHang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him."The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it."Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers,I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, "Informthe chiefs of the three families of it."He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they would not act. Confuciusthen said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare notto represent such a matter."Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served. The Master said, "Do not imposeon him, and, moreover, withstand him to his face."The Master said, "The progress of the superior man is upwards; the progressof the mean man is downwards."The Master said, "In ancient times, men learned with a view to their ownimprovement. Nowadays, men learn with a view to the approbation of others."Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly inquiries to Confucius.

　　Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. "What," said he! "is yourmaster engaged in?" The messenger replied, "My master is anxious to makehis faults few, but he has not yet succeeded." He then went out, and theMaster said, "A messenger indeed! A messenger indeed!"The Master said, "He who is not in any particular office has nothing to dowith plans for the administration of its duties."The philosopher Tsang said, "The superior man, in his thoughts, does not goout of his place."The Master said, "The superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds inhis actions."The Master said, "The way of the superior man is threefold, but I am notequal to it. Virtuous, he is free from anxieties; wise, he is free fromperplexities; bold, he is free from fear.

　　Tsze-kung said, "Master, that is what you yourself say."Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing men together. The Master said,"Tsze must have reached a high pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisurefor this."The Master said, "I will not be concerned at men's not knowing me; I willbe concerned at my own want of ability."The Master said, "He who does not anticipate attempts to deceive him, northink beforehand of his not being believed, and yet apprehends these thingsreadily when they occur;-is he not a man of superior worth?"Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, "Ch'iu, how is it that you keep roostingabout? Is it not that you are an insinuating talker?

　　Confucius said, "I do not dare to play the part of such a talker, but Ihate obstinacy."The Master said, "A horse is called a ch'i, not because of its strength,but because of its other good qualities."Some one said, "What do you say concerning the principle that injury shouldbe recompensed with kindness?"The Master said, "With what then will you recompense kindness?""Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness."The Master said, "Alas! there is no one that knows me."Tsze-kung said, "What do you mean by thus saying-that no one knows you?"The Master replied, "I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumbleagainst men. My studies lie low, and my penetration rises high. But thereis Heaven;-that knows me!"The Kung-po Liao, having slandered Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-poinformed Confucius of it, saying, "Our master is certainly being led astrayby the Kung-po Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off,and expose his corpse in the market and in the court."The Master said, "If my principles are to advance, it is so ordered. Ifthey are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered. What can the Kung-po Liaodo where such ordering is concerned?"The Master said, "Some men of worth retire from the world. Some retire fromparticular states. Some retire because of disrespectful looks. Some retirebecause of contradictory language."The Master said, "Those who have done this are seven men."Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-man, the gatekeeper said tohim, "Whom do you come from?" Tsze-lu said, "From Mr. K'ung." "It is he,-isit not?"-said the other, "who knows the impracticable nature of the timesand yet will be doing in them."The Master was playing, one day, on a musical stone in Weil when a mancarrying a straw basket passed door of the house where Confucius was, andsaid, "His heart is full who so beats the musical stone."A little while after, he added, "How contemptible is the one-ideaedobstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken no notice of, he hassimply at once to give over his wish for public employment. 'Deep watermust be crossed with the clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with theclothes held up.'"The Master said, "How determined is he in his purpose! But this is notdifficult!"Tsze-chang said, "What is meant when the Shu says that Kao-tsung, whileobserving the usual imperial mourning, was for three years withoutspeaking?"The Master said, "Why must Kao-tsung be referred to as an example of this?

　　The ancients all did so. When the sovereign died, the officers all attendedto their several duties, taking instructions from the prime minister forthree years."The Master said, "When rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, thepeople respond readily to the calls on them for service."Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, "Thecultivation of himself in reverential carefulness." "And is this all?" saidTsze-lu. "He cultivates himself so as to give rest to others," was thereply. "And is this all?" again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, "Hecultivates himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivateshimself so as to give rest to all the people:-even Yao and Shun were stillsolicitous about this."Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and so waited the approach of theMaster, who said to him, "In youth not humble as befits a junior; inmanhood, doing nothing worthy of being handed down; and living on to oldage:-this is to be a pest." With this he hit him on the shank with hisstaff.

　　A youth of the village of Ch'ueh was employed by Confucius to carry themessages between him and his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, "Isuppose he has made great progress."The Master said, "I observe that he is fond of occupying the seat of afull-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder to shoulder with hiselders. He is not one who is seeking to make progress in learning. Hewishes quickly to become a man."