翻译方法介绍及举例

何航

一、同义反译法
例子：
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。（不译：“还留着”或“还呆在那里”）
2. I’ll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。（不译：“永远在此呆下去”）
3. Please keep the fire burning when I’m out.
我不在家的时候，请别让炉子灭了。（不译：“我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着”）
4. “Wait, he is serious.”
等等，他不是说着玩儿的。（不译：“等等，他是认真的。”）
5. “Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!”
听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。（不译：“……对这孩子要坚定”）
二、删减解释词
例子：
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。
三、短句拆译
例子：
“ …on one sunshiny morning in June , …”
在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗……
四、译词推陈出新
例子：
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruple and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。
五、解释性添词
例子：
George, I’m ashamed of you! George, I couldn’t have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon, said Mrs. Bagnet.
“乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：‘滚着的碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。’我早晓得你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走，”贝格纳特太太说道。
六、词无定译
例子：
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行弓一次巨大的诈骗。